Informations – Syria Capital Damascus Population 24 672 760 inh. Area 185 180 km² Language(s) Arabic Political system Semi-presidential republic National anthem Homat el Diyar (Guardians of the Homeland) Land borders Turkey, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Israel Maritime borders Mediterranean Sea Frequently asked questions What is the capital of Syria? Damascus is the capital of Syria. Which countries border Syria? Syria shares land borders with: Turkey, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Israel.